A VARIETY OF APPROACHES AND REGULATORY REGULATION OF DEPRECIATION OF FIXED ASSETS

Abstract

Objective. Systematization of existing scientific approaches to determining the nature of depreciation of fixed assets and analysis of the regulatory regulation of this process in the accounting and tax accounting system. Materials and Methods. The research is based on systematic and comparative analytical approaches. The methodological basis consists of methods of scientific generalization, analysis and classification of economic concepts of depreciation, as well as an analysis of regulatory legal acts regulating the procedure for calculating depreciation of fixed assets. The information base of the study was the works of domestic and foreign economists, as well as current regulatory documents, including the provisions of the Federal Law «On Accounting», FSB 6/2020 and the norms of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. Results. It has been established that several key approaches to the interpretation of depreciation of fixed assets have been formed in economic theory. The first group considers depreciation as a mechanism for the preservation and reproduction of capital, ensuring the renewal of production capacities. The second interprets it as a tool for accounting and allocating the value of an asset over its useful life. The third group of approaches relates depreciation to the factor of dynamic economic development, innovation activity and technological renewal. Based on the analysis of scientific views, the author's interpretation of depreciation is proposed as a complex economic and managerial process that reflects the physical and moral depreciation of assets and simultaneously acts as a tool for financial planning and investment development of an enterprise. Additionally, the features of the regulatory regulation of depreciation in the modern accounting and tax accounting system are investigated, and the existing contradictions between the requirements of accounting standards and tax legislation are revealed. Conclusion. The results of the study confirm that depreciation of fixed assets is a multidimensional economic category combining accounting, financial and strategic functions. The evolution of scientific approaches demonstrates the transition from a narrow understanding of depreciation as a mechanism for accounting for depreciation to a broader perception of it as a tool for managing resources and ensuring the sustainable development of an enterprise. At the same time, it was found that further improvement of the regulatory regulation of depreciation policy requires a more coordinated interaction of accounting and tax rules, which will improve the efficiency of accounting and management of fixed assets of organizations.